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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*go":p- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a wooden hammer for processing boot seams 2 to hit, pound face="Times New Roman Star"1 деревянный молоточек для обивки обувных швов 2 бить, колотить face="Times New Roman Star"go":be 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"p-le-t- 'to knock' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pke- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"bu"rge:- 'to hit ice with a pounder' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"bu"- 'to shake, shake off' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pilde- 'to lumber, rumble' face="Times New Roman Star"Modern expressive formations, but the root seems to be archaic. face="Times New Roman Star"*jul face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"stream, brook, fountain face="Times New Roman Star"река, ручей face="Times New Roman Star"jul (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jul (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ul face="Times New Roman Star"jul face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|l face="Times New Roman Star"jul face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 917-918, VEWT 209-210, ЭСТЯ 4, 244. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurman, *Kurug-luk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bow-case, quiver face="Times New Roman Star"футляр для лука, колчан face="Times New Roman Star"qurman, qurug|luq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"koruluk face="Times New Roman Star"qurman (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qurma 'wooden vessel' face="Times New Roman Star"xurlux face="Times New Roman Star"qurluq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, 660 (hardly from Pers. qurba:n, but rather vice versa), ЭСТЯ 6, 163, 164. face="Times New Roman Star"*ku"me face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"dug-out, hut face="Times New Roman Star"землянка, хижина face="Times New Roman Star"ku"mu"ldu", dial. ku"me face="Times New Roman Star"ku"me face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 308. An exclusively Oghuz word; traditionally derived from Pers. kuma 'stack, hut' (see Лексика 499), but a reverse direction of borrowing cannot be excluded. Cf. perhaps Karakh. (MK ) ku"mi 'name of a town on the Uyghur border' (?). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kapyrc?ak, *Kapsak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 box, coffin 2 basket face="Times New Roman Star"1 ящик, гроб 2 корзина face="Times New Roman Star"qapyrc?aq 1,2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"koburc?uk, dial. kapurz?|ak 1, dial. kabzak, kabsak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qabyrc?aq (IM ), qaburc?uq (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gapyrz?|aq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"> Hung. koporso/ 1 (see Gombocz 1912 ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 587, ЭСТЯ 5, 276-278. Tekin (1979 , 127) cites Uygh. qapyz 'coffin', but we were unable to find the word either in Old or Mod. Uyghur. Perhaps he meant Karakh. xafsy 'small box' (MK , see EDT 587). Brockelmann derived the word from Lat. capsa through Syr. qafsa:, but a loan in Turkic < Syr. is not quite probable, and the word might well be genuine. But modern forms: Tur. dial. kapsa 'box, chest', (CCum. ) qapsa 'box, coffin' may well be < Syr. (cf. ЭСТЯ 5, 277). face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"pe face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 coat of mail 2 ring of mail 3 earring 4 overcoat 5 saddle-pad for a camel 6 film of egg, exuviae 7 a k. of cloth or carpet face="Times New Roman Star"1 кольчуга 2 кольцо кольчуги 3 серьга 4 плащ, пальто 5 верблюжье седло 6 пленка яйца, сброшенная кожа 7 вид ткани или ковра face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 1, 2, 3, ku"pik (MK ) 4, ko"pc?u"k (MK ) 5, ko"psu"n 'mattress' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 3, kepeneg, ko"penek 4, ko"pen 7 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pen (ku"pen) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bo"n 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|be 6 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pu" 'шуба из меха медвежонка' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ps?ik 'pillow' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 687, 688, 689, ЭСТЯ 5, 48-49, 108 (Tur. ko"pen being attributed here to a quite different root, see under *ko"p- 'to swell, foam'), 114-115, 129-130, TMN 3, 581-583. The above forms are hard to separate, and Doerfer's point of view that ko"penek is secondarily < kepenek is probably faulty (even though ko"penek is attested later: ko"pen is certainly attested earlier, and an assimilative delabialization *ko"penek > kepenek seems quite plausible). The Chuvash form shows that the original meaning of the root must have been 'transparent covering, film', whence 'coat of mail' etc. Turk. > Mong. kebeneg 'saddle-cloth, shirt', Hung. ko"po"nyeg 'raincoat' (Gombocz 1912 ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod-, *Kodur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to take trouble, make efforts 2 to overpower face="Times New Roman Star"1 прилагать усилия 2 осиливать, одолевать face="Times New Roman Star"qod|ur- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kot- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 605; Stachowski 154 (but, because of semantic difference, hardly to *Kod- 'put aside'). face="Times New Roman Star"*gu":l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to tether, bind feet face="Times New Roman Star"привязывать, спутывать ноги face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l-tu"r- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gu"lu"- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"k'ul- face="Times New Roman Star"gu"jl- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l- face="Times New Roman Star"xu"lu"- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 308, EDT 717 (incorrectly to ku"l- 'harness'), ЭСТЯ 3, 95-96. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"defect, sin face="Times New Roman Star"недостаток, грех face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"min (КСТТ ) face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n, min face="Times New Roman Star"min face="Times New Roman Star"min face="Times New Roman Star"min face="Times New Roman Star"min-siz 'flawless' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 347, EDT 347, 767 (confused with other roots), ОСНЯ 3, 55-56, ЭСТЯ 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*enu"k ( ? *u"nek) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"young of a wild animal, puppy face="Times New Roman Star"детеныш дикого животного, щенок face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"enik, enz?|ek face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Chag.) face="Times New Roman Star"a"nix (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges? face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges? face="Times New Roman Star"anz?|ъk face="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"ges face="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"ges face="Times New Roman Star"enik face="Times New Roman Star"jenik face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 183, VEWT 44, ЭСТЯ 1, 281-283, Егоров 29, Stachowski 251. face="Times New Roman Star"*Tokum face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wheel hoop face="Times New Roman Star"обод колеса face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ym (dial. d-) face="Times New Roman Star"to.g|in face="Times New Roman Star"togъn face="Times New Roman Star"tog|yn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tog|yn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tug|yn, dial. dug|yn face="Times New Roman Star"tox|un 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tog|yn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 483, 485, ЭСТЯ 8, Егоров 2256, Федотов 2, 242. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kor(t)- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 burbot 2 pike 3 huso, beluga face="Times New Roman Star"1 налим 2 щука 3 белуга face="Times New Roman Star"(КСТТ ) qurty 1, qurtan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xorty 1 (Sag.) face="Times New Roman Star"qortu 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qortu 1 face="Times New Roman Star"? kъrtъs?, kъrъs? 'ruff' ( = Mari kyrys?, k@rkke 'trout') face="Times New Roman Star"qortpa 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qortpa 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Федотов 1, 260. For Chuv. kъrtъs? cf. also Tat. qyrtys? (the direction of borrowing is unclear). face="Times New Roman Star"*o"j (?) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"time, age face="Times New Roman Star"время, возраст face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju":n (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"o"j face="Times New Roman Star"ОСНЯ 1, 242. The form is poorly attested and rather dubious (the Tuva form may be < Oyr. o"j < PT *o"d q. v. sub *odi ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Koga ( ? -k-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of reed face="Times New Roman Star"вид тростника face="Times New Roman Star"kova, kog|a (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qug|a face="Times New Roman Star"qo.g|a face="Times New Roman Star"qog|o face="Times New Roman Star"qog|a face="Times New Roman Star"qog|a face="Times New Roman Star"qug|a (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qog|a face="Times New Roman Star"qog|a face="Times New Roman Star"qog|a face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 275, ЭСТЯ 6, 10-11. face="Times New Roman Star"*dan|- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to bind together face="Times New Roman Star"связывать face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- face="Times New Roman Star"dan|- face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- 'to put on' face="Times New Roman Star"don|-na- face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 461, EDT 514, ЭСТЯ 3, 145-146, Stachowski 216. Turk. > Kalm. tan- 'to plait, knot'. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ar face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 whetstone 2 sickle 3 to whet face="Times New Roman Star"1 точильный камень 2 серп 3 точить face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'mill stone', c?ar-la- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar-la- 3 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/orla 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sardag|a, sarda:na 'short heavy arrow with a broad head' (Пек. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sar 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:r- 'to cut, stick in' (ССЯ : Udzh.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'spool' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99-100, Егоров 221, Федотов 2, 143 (borrowing < FU *s/orva 'horn' is hardly credible). Bulg. > Hung. sarlo/ 'sickle', see Gombocz 1912 , MNyTESz 3, 494-495. The root is certainly genuine, although some influence of the Iranian c?aryk, c?arx 'wheel' could have existed. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAnu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild cat face="Times New Roman Star"дикая кошка face="Times New Roman Star"manu (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"manul face="Times New Roman Star"many face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 767. Turk. > Kalm. manl, Dag. manu: (Тод. Даг. 153) (probably contaminated with Mong. proper malur < *malul q. v. sub *ma/l/e ). Uygh. molun 'wild cat' may be a mongolism. face="Times New Roman Star"*utyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"otter face="Times New Roman Star"выдра face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|dъw|r face="Times New Roman Star"ytyy face="Times New Roman Star"Мудрак Дисс. 145. See under *Ka.ma a discussion of other possible traces of this root. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)an| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"father face="Times New Roman Star"отец face="Times New Roman Star"qan| (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qan|das? 'half-brother, son of the same father and a different mother' (MK ), qan|syq ata 'step-father' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 232, EDT 630, 635, 640, ЭСТЯ 5, 258. face="Times New Roman Star"*TEpir/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"envy face="Times New Roman Star"зависть face="Times New Roman Star"tepiz, tepze- 'to envy' (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 448.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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